Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Microeconomics - Essay Example 4. Features of monopoly Various features of monopoly are explained with the help of diagrams in this section. The question like how monopolistic firms attain the capability to increase the prices of their product and services is explained with the help of other economic terms. 5. Conclusion The major points discussed in this paper were summarised in this section. 6. Suggested areas of further research The question; how to protect the interests of the consumers in monopolistic market should be researched further. 7. References The references used for this research were cited in MLA style in this section. Abstract Monopoly is one of the major microeconomic terms which refer to the total domination of a firm in the market. The monopolistic firms face less competition in the market and they can control the market activities more effectively than other firms. Monopoly is beneficial to the firms whereas it is against the interest of the public. Monopolistic firms can increase the prices of their product and services far more than the actual prices because of lack of competition they may face in the market. Monopoly has different forms like natural, geographic, technological, and government. This paper briefly explains various features of monopoly according to the principles of microeconomics. ... Monopoly is a good market condition for an organization; but it is not so good for the consumers. The ability to fix prices of products and services is the main advantage of a monopolistic firm. For example, Microsoft is enjoying monopoly in the operating system market in the world at present. They are charging heavily for their Windows operating system because of the absence of any other competitive products. Types of monopoly Based on the nature, monopoly can be classified into different categories like; natural, geographic, technological, governmental etc. An industry is said to be a natural monopoly if it produce a desired output at a lower cost than two or more firms. Public utilities like railways, telecommunications, water services, electricity, and mail delivery etc are examples for natural monopoly. These public utility services are mainly controlled by the government and private competition is not allowed in these sectors. A natural monopoly and monopoly are entirely differ ent concepts since natural monopoly describes a firm's cost structure whereas a monopoly explains market share and market power. It is difficult for small firms to invest in areas with natural monopoly. For example, it is not easy for small firms to invest huge amounts needed for setting up a public transporting system like railways or public utility like water supply. Because of globalization, governments now permit private investments in natural monopolistic areas. In other words, the term natural monopoly is going to lose its significance since private companies may challenge the governments in these sectors. For example, BSNL (a public company) was the only telecommunication company in India till two decades before. At present many private companies like

United States Reform Movements Essay Example for Free

United States Reform Movements Essay In the years following the Second Great Awakening of the United States, numerous reform factions began to spring up around the country, fueled by recent evangelical ideals. Seeking to improve and expand democratic ideals, many of these factions undertook drastic measures to achieve what they believed to be a proper aspiration. Nevertheless, it would be farfetched to claim that such reform movements within the US resulted in any positive outcomes, and it would be much more logical to claim that many of the so-called reformers were in fact trying to further their own ambitions. By keeping penitentiary, church, and alcohol reforms as a pretense for egotistical purposes, they were able to attract an elite following of people that that acted with virtues that were anything but democratic. On of the first reform movements to become advocated was the penitentiary system. It had become a brutal institution, becoming known for excessively cruel punishments for criminal offenses. Extreme cases included imprisonment for insignificant amounts of debt, and asylums were common practices for what was believed to be insanity, following medieval practices. The Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, in 1829, reported that they were proud to have rescued the youthful from temptation and turning them into valuable members of society. Yet by allowing the Society, and other institutions like it, to determine which of the youths were undisciplined and under the influence of temptation, the United States government was effectively allowing these organizations to diminish democracy. When these institutions were allowed to decide who was or was not orderly, power shifted away from the people and into their hands. A similar transfer of control occurred during the Second Great Awakening, when a fresh wave of spiritual fervor empowered numerous factions of the church. By gaining control over a culture dedicated to a religion, the church managed to dictate an entire society towards its own values. Charles G. Finney, in 1843 remarked that all sorts of abandoned characters are awakened and converted by the church, failing to mention whether or not any of the profligates actually wished to be converted. By forcing infidels to follow their ethics, supporters of the church had secured themselves within a throne of power, with the ability to enforce what they believed was  moral, desecrating the principles of free speech and democracy. Samuel Morse commented that emigrants were selected not for their affinity to liberty, but for their mental servitude when coming into the country. The church had begun to demolish Naturalization Laws, one of the first benefits of the democracy of the United States, un der the flag of the nativists (those who wished to favor the natural inhabitants of the United States). By controlling who may or may not immigrate to the US, nativists had begun to gain a dangerous amount of power, not through democracy, but abnormally favoring selection. The same approach towards atypical persons was present within the movement against alcohol as there was within the nativists, for both wished to rid the United States of what they believed to be crimes against their people. The Temperance Movement was as a milder offspring of the teetotalism movement, which promoted a complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages. Common belief with teetotal persons included an abhorrent view of alcohol, promoting notions that even a single drink of alcohol can and will lead to brawls, poverty, crime, and ultimately death or suicide. Even the less extreme Temperance movement had attempted to stop the peoples consumption of the wretched Demon Drink. Soon, laws were being created to enforce such views, with the Maine Law of 1851 standing out amongst them, prohibiting the manufacture and sale of liquor. Even though such a law was fueled by optimistic virtues, it was anything but democratic, enforcing one groups ideals onto an entire population without th eir consent. Attempting to force reform onto a people without their consent and condemning past principles for the sole reason of rash modification can not result in hopes for a new social order, as some movements may wish. During an address to Wesleyan College, Orestes Brownson proposed that Quack Reformers were disowning the past and promoting an entirely new social order. Of course, no good could possibly come from this, since it had taken numerous years to set up the securities that were in place, defending the democratic practices of the people of the United States. Reform should be focused around preserving values that are known to be sound and stable, not the upheaval of a society to the mere cause of altering a single trivial value. Drastic  Reform can only lead to ultimate destruction of democracy and leads to a rule by a chosen elite if not carefully monitored.

Essay --

An earthquake is a major natural disaster which damages a lot of life and property as well as interrupts the socio economic growth of a particular geographic region. It causes shaking and ground rupture, landslides, avalanches, tsunami, soil liquefaction, floods, fires, etc. Both wildlife and human beings experience huge loss to their life and livelihood through earthquakes. Some deadliest earthquakes till the date; †¢ 1556 Shaanxi earthquake: On 23rd January, 1556 at Shaanxi (China) world’s worst quake took around 8 lakh lives with its 8.0Mw (Magnitude) vibration. More than 500 miles area damaged through it. †¢ Great Tangshan earthquake: On1976 July 28, China again experienced another horrific natural disaster of 7.7Mw shake which destroyed a lot of hard earned properties and around 7 lakh innocent lives. †¢ 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami: It was a historic and terrible mishap in India and 13 other countries. Around 3 lakh people lost their life and the tsunami caused by this accident was a threat to the whole world. Disaster management and safety tips for Earthquakes: The process of dealing with and avoiding the risks or hazards resulted through a disaster is defined as disaster management. Disaster management for earthquake is a continuing process. It starts with the warning and continues until the living victims becomes independent to carry-on their livelihood. Support from different levels like individuals, corporate houses (CSR), NGOs, Government disaster management cell or other philanthropic organizations helps a lot in reconstructing the society. The uncertainty of earthquake and the unavailability of immediate support form trained volunteers influences a common man to learn the basic disaster management strate... ...nto the damaged building instantly after the quake as the damaged or loosen parts of the concretes may fall down on you. 3. If you think your building is safe after the quake then check the electricity connection as well as the LPG pipe before using them. Also the water pipes may cause accidents. 4. Help other injured people and offer food, water or first-aid. Ask support from others in evacuating the injured people or distributing relief stuffs. Stress more on the infants, disable and old persons. 5. Inform the disaster management authorities about missing of your family member if you are finding them. Be calm if unfortunately one of your family members seriously injured or died during the mishap. Following the disaster management and safety techniques for earthquakes or any other critical natural disasters requires robust environment resource management planning.

Calorimetry Lab

Which foods have the most calories? Hypothesis: If we burn the food then the heating released will be measured as calories because the energy stored Inside Is released as heat and light. Parts of the experiment Control Group-water Experimental Group- different foods Independent variable- Type of food Dependent Variable- temperature of water Controlled variables- water temperature of unheated water Materials Stirring Rod, Beaker, ring clamp, evaporating disk, matches, crackers, marshmallows Analysis Questions 1 . Which foods gave off the most calories/gram?Marshmallows 2. Which foods gave off the least calories/gram? The chips give off the least, when they were burned we realized they had the least. 3. How do these results compare with your prediction? The result are somewhat like my prediction, I predicted that when the food is burned it will release heat and light.I liked this lab because it's a way to figure UT certain things within food substances. I probably would not take the ti me out to try it out at home, but I did like the lab. Despite us being very careful with trying to make everything accurate I don't think everything was so accurate. However scientists do this all the time to fugue out the calories of foods, so it is still a legit experiment. The temperatures did not change drastically it was mostly around 4 or 4. 5 degrees Celsius. Citation Mar. 2013. Web. 14 May 2014. Http://www. Chem†¦ Davidson. Deed/vice/calorimeter/ heatcapacityofcalorimeter. HTML

The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare.

The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare. The Merchant of Venice is a tragic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. Though classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspe cts with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is perhaps most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and is best known for Shylock and the famous ‘Hath not a Jew eyes' speech. Also notable is Portia's speech about the ‘quality of mercy'.The title character is the merchant Antonio, not the Jewish moneylender Shylock, who is the play's most prominent and most famous character. This is made explicit by the title page of the first quarto: The most excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. With the extreme cruelty of Shylock the Jew towards the Merchant. Summary: Antonio, a Venetian merchant, complains to his friends of a melancholy that he cannot explain. His friend Bassanio is desperately in need of money to court Portia, a weal thy heiress who lives in the city of Belmont.Bassanio asks Antonio for a loan in order to travel in style to Portia’s estate. Antonio agrees, but is unable to make the loan himself because his own money is all invested in a number of trade ships that are still at sea. Antonio suggests that Bassanio secure the loan from one of the city’s moneylenders and name Antonio as the loan’s guarantor. In Belmont, Portia expresses sadness over the terms of her father’s will, which stipulates that she must marry the man who correctly chooses one of three caskets.None of Portia’s current suitors are to her liking, and she and her lady-in-waiting, Nerissa, fondly remember a visit paid some time before by Bassanio. In Venice, Antonio and Bassanio approach Shylock, a Jewish moneylender, for a loan. Shylock nurses a long-standing grudge against Antonio, who has made a habit of berating Shylock and other Jews for their usury, the practice of loaning money at exorbita nt rates of interest, and who undermines their business by offering interest-free loans. Although Antonio refuses to apologize for his behavior, Shylock acts agreeably and offers to lendBassanio three thousand ducats with no interest. Shylock adds, however, that should the loan go unpaid, Shylock will be entitled to a pound of Antonio’s own flesh. Despite Bassanio’s warnings, Antonio agrees. In Shylock’s own household, his servant Launcelot decides to leave Shylock’s service to work for Bassanio, and Shylock’s daughter Jessica schemes to elope with Antonio’s friend Lorenzo. That night, the streets of Venice fill up with revelers, and Jessica escapes with Lorenzo by dressing as his page.After a night of celebration, Bassanio and his friend Gratiano leave for Belmont, where Bassanio intends to win Portia’s hand. In Belmont, Portia welcomes the prince of Morocco, who has come in an attempt to choose the right casket to marry her. The pri nce studies the inscriptions on the three caskets and chooses the gold one, which proves to be an incorrect choice. In Venice, Shylock is furious to find that his daughter has run away, but rejoices in the fact that Antonio’s ships are rumored to have been wrecked and that he will soon be able to claim his debt.In Belmont, the prince of Arragon also visits Portia. He, too, studies the caskets carefully, but he picks the silver one, which is also incorrect. Bassanio arrives at Portia’s estate, and they declare their love for one another. Despite Portia’s request that he wait before choosing, Bassanio immediately picks the correct casket, which is made of lead. He and Portia rejoice, and Gratiano confesses that he has fallen in love with Nerissa. The couples decide on a double wedding.Portia gives Bassanio a ring as a token of love, and makes him swear that under no circumstances will he part with it. They are joined, unexpectedly, by Lorenzo and Jessica. The cele bration, however, is cut short by the news that Antonio has indeed lost his ships, and that he has forfeited his bond to Shylock. Bassanio and Gratiano immediately travel to Venice to try and save Antonio’s life. After they leave, Portia tells Nerissa that they will go to Venice disguised as men. Shylock ignores the many pleas to spare Antonio’s life, and a trial is called to decide the matter.The duke of Venice, who presides over the trial, announces that he has sent for a legal expert, who turns out to be Portia disguised as a young man of law. Portia asks Shylock to show mercy, but he remains inflexible and insists the pound of flesh is rightfully his. Bassanio offers Shylock twice the money due him, but Shylock insists on collecting the bond as it is written. Portia examines the contract and, finding it legally binding, declares that Shylock is entitled to the merchant’s flesh.Shylock ecstatically praises her wisdom, but as he is on the verge of collecting h is due, Portia reminds him that he must do so without causing Antonio to bleed, as the contract does not entitle him to any blood. Trapped by this logic, Shylock hastily agrees to take Bassanio’s money instead, but Portia insists that Shylock take his bond as written, or nothing at all. Portia informs Shylock that he is guilty of conspiring against the life of a Venetian citizen, which means he must turn over half of his property to the state and the other half to Antonio.The duke spares Shylock’s life and takes a fine instead of Shylock’s property. Antonio also forgoes his half of Shylock’s wealth on two conditions: first, Shylock must convert to Christianity, and second, he must will the entirety of his estate to Lorenzo and Jessica upon his death. Shylock agrees and takes his leave. Bassanio, who does not see through Portia’s disguise, showers the young law clerk with thanks, and is eventually pressured into giving Portia the ring with which he promised never to part. Gratiano gives Nerissa, who is disguised as Portia’s clerk, his ring.The two women return to Belmont, where they find Lorenzo and Jessica declaring their love to each other under the moonlight. When Bassanio and Gratiano arrive the next day, their wives accuse them of faithlessly giving their rings to other women. Before the deception goes too far, however, Portia reveals that she was, in fact, the law clerk, and both she and Nerissa reconcile with their husbands. Lorenzo and Jessica are pleased to learn of their inheritance from Shylock, and the joyful news arrives that Antonio’s ships have in fact made it back safely. The group celebrates its good fortune.

Free Essays on Dont Ban Cloning

Don’t Ban Cloning Today, the topic of cloning generates more argument then it has ever created before. The controversy over cloning is based, in part on the fact that there are extreme opposing viewpoints on the subject. Also a major factoring the debate over cloning is a fear of new technology. Throughout history, man has always been slow to adapt to a new technology. We go through all the trouble to adapt to one method, why uproot ourselves and change everything just to do it a different way. This attitude has been evident in the recent past, with inventions such as the automobile and television. Nuclear power is a prime example of an advanced technology abandoned out of fear. There are very few nuclear power plants left in operation, and there are no new plants being built. This is mainly due to fear of an accident, or to the long lasting effects of this technology. As with everything, including cloning, there is a negative side. With television, the negative is that children often watch it instead of doing homework, subsequently causing lower grades. It is also believed that television violence influences children into more violent tendencies. A negative to automobiles is the massive pollution a large number of them cause. Entire cities have been put on pollution alert due to toxic smog created, in part by the automobile. Sometimes the negatives outweigh the positives, and the technology is rightfully abandoned, in most cases the technology is abandoned simply out of fear. Cloning is not just any new technology, cloning gives us the potential to change the very essence of our being; what we are can be decided before we are even born. There are immense positives to cloning; the human life span lengthened by decades, mental and physical illness a distant memory just as with any thing new, we start with small steps, and move into big ones. In cloning, we started with simple genetic alterations. Not necessarily wi... Free Essays on Don't Ban Cloning Free Essays on Don't Ban Cloning Don’t Ban Cloning Today, the topic of cloning generates more argument then it has ever created before. The controversy over cloning is based, in part on the fact that there are extreme opposing viewpoints on the subject. Also a major factoring the debate over cloning is a fear of new technology. Throughout history, man has always been slow to adapt to a new technology. We go through all the trouble to adapt to one method, why uproot ourselves and change everything just to do it a different way. This attitude has been evident in the recent past, with inventions such as the automobile and television. Nuclear power is a prime example of an advanced technology abandoned out of fear. There are very few nuclear power plants left in operation, and there are no new plants being built. This is mainly due to fear of an accident, or to the long lasting effects of this technology. As with everything, including cloning, there is a negative side. With television, the negative is that children often watch it instead of doing homework, subsequently causing lower grades. It is also believed that television violence influences children into more violent tendencies. A negative to automobiles is the massive pollution a large number of them cause. Entire cities have been put on pollution alert due to toxic smog created, in part by the automobile. Sometimes the negatives outweigh the positives, and the technology is rightfully abandoned, in most cases the technology is abandoned simply out of fear. Cloning is not just any new technology, cloning gives us the potential to change the very essence of our being; what we are can be decided before we are even born. There are immense positives to cloning; the human life span lengthened by decades, mental and physical illness a distant memory just as with any thing new, we start with small steps, and move into big ones. In cloning, we started with simple genetic alterations. Not necessarily wi...

Mean Girls vs Julius Caesar Essays

Mean Girls vs Julius Caesar Essays Mean Girls vs Julius Caesar Paper Mean Girls vs Julius Caesar Paper Essay Topic: Julius Caesar The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and Mean Girls Both of these works were written in two different time periods, but have some of the most similar ideas. One way that these ;o arts are similar is the main leader Of their respective places. Another way theyre similar is the surrounding characters. Lastly, the other thing that is similar is the plot of each. In short, these two pieces of work are similar because the main ruler inside the work, the supporting actors, and how the story flows and goes. The first of the similarities is the leader of the movie and play. You can consider Regina George, the leader of the school campus, can be seen as Julius Caesar. She is the most popular at the school and everyone likes her, even though she doesnt like them too much. This is like when Julius Caesar was arriving back to Rome after his defeat of Pompom and everyone jumped to love Caesar even though their former great leader had died at hands of the fresh guy. Also, the other characters of both despise a plan to take down the popular being: Caesar and Regina. This showed that they all had a powerful struts and hate towards the main leader. The second similarity is the supporting actors around the main leader. Caddy Heron, the new girl at the school, can be seen as Brutes. She seems to like Regina (Caesar) but in her mind, all Caddy could think about was destroying Regions life. Janis was the first to become friends with Caddy and told her the ways of high school. Janis can be seen as Cassias because she was once great friends with Regina George, just like Caesar and Cassias being friends but soon lost their relationship due to a certain couple of personal issues. Also, Caddy was manipulated to take down Regina, just like Cassias was to Brutes. Gretchen and Karen can also be seen as conspirators because they begin to see problems developing between the Plastic Group and with Regions popularity. Soon, they join forces with Caddy because of loss of confidence in Regina being leader. The third and final similarity is the plot of the play. The comparison is obvious: they try to take down the main leader. There are also some other things that can be thrown in to be included. The Candy Canes that were ended out during Christmas are like the letters forged by Cassias and sent or Brutes. This started Gretchen questioning of Regina not liking her many more. This is mainly because Caddy forged Regions name on the Candy Cane, making Gretchen feel bad. Another one is the Burn Book being like the Will read by Marc Antonym in Julius Caesar. Both wanted people to get angry at the persons who had been accused of wrongdoing and emotions spiked all at once. The majority in both had exploded into a rage near the end. Julius Caesar had the citizens of Rome March around looking for conspirators to kill ND Mean Girls 2 had full-out brawling in the hallways of the school. They all worked together to make sure it wouldnt happen again. Also, the main leaders of the works both get taken down by something greater than them, with Regina getting struck by a bus and Caesar inside of the stabbing ring. In conclusion, both of these pieces are super similar. The similarities are the leaders of each piece of art, the surrounding characters of the leaders, and the plots of those works. Even though these were both written by different directors, it seems that they had some of the same ideas and thoughts.

WhiteSmoke Software Review

WhiteSmoke Software Review WhiteSmoke Software Review WhiteSmoke Software Review By Ali Hale Editors Note: WhiteSmoke has been a sponsor of the blog for a while, and we often get emails from readers asking how good their software are. That is why we decided to review it. But keep in mind we did not get paid to do it. Ali Hale did the review for us, and I asked her to be completely transparent with it. First Impressions I found WhiteSmoke very easy to install and get started with. It checks the grammar, spelling and readability of everything that you write (it will do this whilst running in the background, or you can load up the program directly). It’s a bit like a very advanced and more intelligent version of Microsoft Word’s spelling and grammar checker. I liked the way it automatically checked my typing in not only Microsoft Word but also in emails and when leaving comments using web forms. It caught a few potentially embarrassing typos before I had a chance to hit â€Å"send† or â€Å"submit†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Testing WhiteSmoke I tried running a few pieces of my regular writing through WhiteSmoke to see what it would say. This passage came from a piece I was writing for my blog The Office Diet: Now you know what calories are and you know how to figure out how many are in your food you just need to know how many you should be eating. WhiteSmoke suggested putting a comma after the words â€Å"calories are†, and when I clicked to find out why, I was told: Explanation: This sentence requires a comma to separate its clauses and improve clarity. Definition: Two coordinated clauses should be divided by a comma. So far so good: I agree that the sentence is improved when rewritten as: Now you know what calories are, and you know how to figure out how many are in your food†¦ The next suggestion, however, was to put a full stop after â€Å"out† and before â€Å"how†, which would make the sentence: Now you know what calories are and you know how to figure out. How many are in your food This time, when I asked why, WhiteSmoke explained â€Å"Two distinct sentences have to be divided by a full stop [period].† However, these were not two separate sentences, and putting a full stop here would lose meaning. I suspect the use of â€Å"figure out† (which is quite informal or colloquial) confused the software. My frequent use of bullet points, rather than conventional paragraphs, also caused a few issues: It suggested putting a period after the first bullet, but not after others. (Conventional advice is that you do not need to use periods for bullets consisting of short phrases, but if you do use periods, you should be consistent.) WhiteSmoke believed that â€Å"Your weight† and â€Å"Your activity levels† should be â€Å"Youre weight† and â€Å"Youre activity levels† respectively. Again, I suspect the use of bullets and fragments rather than full sentences caused this confusion. Sometimes, the software didn’t recognise what role a particular word was playing in a sentence. In the following example, the word â€Å"fast† is an adjective modifying â€Å"food†, but WhiteSmoke believed it was a verb: They found that those who skipped breakfast tended to eat more fast food. I was advised to â€Å"Change more to faster†. I can understand where the confusion came – â€Å"more fast† would be poor grammar if the sentence was â€Å"I ran more fast than Billy.† But my sentence was correct as it stood. Enrichment Suggestions WhiteSmoke makes a number of enrichment suggestions which can help improve the flow or style of your writing. For example, one of these came up for me when it recommended changing â€Å"And† in: And your muscle mass is also important to â€Å"Furthermore†, â€Å"In addition†, or â€Å"Moreover†. I would probably have picked one of these if I’d been writing a more formal piece, but for a blog post, I don’t think starting with â€Å"And† is a problem. Verdict I enjoyed using the WhiteSmoke software, and found it was particularly good at spotting typos as I wrote. It could seem a little intrusive at times (a small window pops up in the right hand side of the screen as you type, when the software is running), so I usually turned it off when writing fiction or informal emails as I tended to get a lot of warnings about these! There were a few occasional slips when the software didn’t understand the meaning of what I’d written, but so long as you don’t just accept every suggestion automatically, these infrequent mistakes shouldn’t cause too many problems. I think it would be an excellent piece of software for: People learning English as a foreign language Students writing academic essays Anyone producing a formal business-related piece (perhaps a report, or a job application) Freelancers writing for print or traditional markets You might find the WhiteSmoke software frustrating if: You mainly write fiction or poetry (especially if you use a lot of dialogue or your style involves breaking grammatical rules) Your emails and other non-fiction writing tend to be very informal You use a lot of bullet points or other sentence fragments Youre already very confident about your spelling and grammar Overall, WhiteSmoke is a very easy to use, intuitive piece of software, and considerably cheaper than paying a proof-reader to check your work! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterComma Before ButWoof or Weft?

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Analysis - Case Study Example Each of these departments performs a specific task that relates to supporting the main goal of enhancing oil exploration and manufacturing activities. Oil is the main item for the company. Therefore, it is the main item considered as the cost driver for RDS. Monitoring of cost per barrel is a major indicator on the prospects of gaining profit or making loss. The parameter is a direct indicator on whether the company is taking right measures in their cost management. Given that cost per barrel depends on demand supply and other market shocks among other uncertainty this parameter gives a general outlook on the market behaviour and therefore essential for its efforts in managing costs. Besides, assessment of cost per barrel helps RDS examine their operating cost against other players in similar market segment. 2. Computing the cost of activities in the provide IT and Telecommunication services Provision of SAP support is an activity or the initiative of the parent company and, therefore, was not considered for calculations. Other parameters provide important accounting information for the analysis. There are several methods that assist in evaluating whether departments or products within a company are meeting the targets. Traditional costing method and the activity-based costing are the common approaches for products. However, is a department makes some sales or gets some income from their involvement in the business it is possible to determine their performance as well. These measures assess the market changes, uncertainties that may occur and their possible influence. However, comparison with other companies competing in the same market segment may give a better picture that could assist the company in evaluating whether selected activities are optimal. These analyses depicts that the barrel cost of oil is not the cost driver

Training and development management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Training and development management - Case Study Example Training need analysis will be extremely beneficial for the Omaha warehouse workers to meet the warehouses objectives (Jean 28). Training is a tool extremely powerful for a smooth functioning of an organization, but it is usage goes hand in hand with care in order to derive all the benefits. Here is the recommendation of performing a TNA: - First,  Learn about the proficiency and needs of each employee before the warehouse invests it effort, money and time on training. It is better for needs identification the shortcomings and needs before actually imparting training an employee (Jean 30). Secondly, Experienced and skilled trainer, who possesses an amount of understanding and knowledge that is good about objectives of an organization, the abilities of an individual and the present environment, should offer training. This will help in the improvement of the program in warehouses and plants (Jean

COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL Essay

COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL - Essay Example In order that the costing system is effective so as to support the management control systems, a consideration of various financial and non-financial performance measures is undertaken to introduce the costing systems. This so because the functions of the management control systems is not only to collect the information but also to act upon an analysis of such data and information to steer the organization towards success. Hence arises the need for these performance measures. Some organizations present financial and non-financial performance measures for their subunits in a single report called the Balanced Scorecard. Different organizations stress different elements in their scorecards, but most scorecards include Considering the incorporation of the financial and non-financial measures in the management control systems, an Activity Based Costing system (ABC) would be appropriate for the new online company as well as the existing merchandising division of the company. Activity based costing systems refine costing systems by focusing on individual activities as the fundamental cost objects. An activity is an event, task, or unit of work with a specified purpose; for example designing, setting up machines, distribution.

Unpaid internship argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unpaid internship argument - Essay Example spending efficient summer vacation becomes a duty for students. Many companies required high expectation of specifications from students. To fill out owns resume blanks, students need to invest their vacation for their future. Commonly, they are looking for volunteer jobs or internships. Especially, internship is a very attractive title for one’s resume and career experience. However, unfortunately, in this tough reality, the purpose of internship has been changed. Many companies and institutions offer unpaid internships for photocopying or making coffee. It is hard to expect real tasks as an intern. Moreover, through unpaid internship, it would bring many economic problems on individual interns to our society. Unpaid internship is just a way for companies to have free workforces. Companies and institutions use student’s future to satisfy their own profits and it will hurt economy and education markets in our society. Unpaid internship realistically is not designed for common students who have loans and debts. In NYC, a city that offers many unpaid internships but also one of high inflation cities in America, many unpaid interns are suffering because of this unrealistic opportunity. However, there are some students who are really suitable for unpaid internships. Their common factor is rich. For example, to do unpaid internship at the White House, a student is required to get financial support from the home front. Living in Washington, one of expensive cites in America, is not easy for common students; if they are not living in Washington, the costs are increased because they need to pay for a rent, transportation, and food, etc. However, the rich students don’t even consider this inquires. This gap between these students are called â€Å"blatant class discrimination†.(Lind) In reality, college tuition has been increased with the percentage of student’s loans. Moreover, to get a fine job, students unavoidably

Impacts of natural disasters on tourism Research Paper

Impacts of natural disasters on tourism - Research Paper Example This proposal is a combined study that incorporates the aims and objectives that would be the basis for the research studies, discussion of relevant literature review of the concerned topic coupled to the overview of the themes, issues, theories, and/or concepts. The research methodology that comprises of the introduction with rationale for the research design and data collection methods is also an integral part of the proposal that ends with the research philosophy and approaches with ethical considerations as a conclusion. Background The natural disasters are the profound environmental impacts that not only bring huge losses to human lives but also subject to arouse immense financial losses such as property damage. In addition, the aftereffects of the natural disasters emerge the fact that underdeveloped nations are the worst hits of the natural adversities as they have the least resources to cope and recreate their lives back to originality (Mechler, 2004). The natural disasters h ave been one of the most unfavorable and devastating episodes have come under the experiences by the human kind of the globe in numerous instances in time. The statistical data and evidences have proved the fact that the natural disasters have made a strong influence and tragic impact on the civilizations around the world. In addition, plentiful states, territories, nations coupled to populace of the particular areas cause to undergo recurring and overwhelming natural disasters as the world in entering into the level of advancements and innovations. The natural disasters have not only affected the human lives but also made the coral reefs, tropical ecosystem, aquatic... The research describes natural disasters that are the profound environmental impacts that not only bring huge losses to human lives but also subject to arouse immense financial losses such as property damage. In addition, the aftereffects of the natural disasters emerge the fact that underdeveloped nations are the worst hits of the natural adversities as they have the least resources to cope and recreate their lives back to originality. The natural disasters have been one of the most unfavorable and devastating episodes have come under the experiences by the human kind of the globe in numerous instances in time. The statistical data and evidences have proved the fact that the natural disasters have made a strong influence and tragic impact on the civilizations around the world. In addition, plentiful states, territories, nations coupled to populace of the particular areas cause to undergo recurring and overwhelming natural disasters as the world in entering into the level of advancem ents and innovations. The natural disasters have not only affected the human lives but also made the coral reefs, tropical ecosystem, aquatic temperate climate and terrestrial or global ecosystem fragile and weak. Tourism industry is one of the departments of the country that comes under mammoth impact from the natural disasters. Indeed, there is a very close connection between tourism and natural disasters. This is because the occurrence of any natural hazard would lead to disruption and destruction of the tourism industry, which would then require re-development and modifications.

Unpaid internship argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unpaid internship argument - Essay Example spending efficient summer vacation becomes a duty for students. Many companies required high expectation of specifications from students. To fill out owns resume blanks, students need to invest their vacation for their future. Commonly, they are looking for volunteer jobs or internships. Especially, internship is a very attractive title for one’s resume and career experience. However, unfortunately, in this tough reality, the purpose of internship has been changed. Many companies and institutions offer unpaid internships for photocopying or making coffee. It is hard to expect real tasks as an intern. Moreover, through unpaid internship, it would bring many economic problems on individual interns to our society. Unpaid internship is just a way for companies to have free workforces. Companies and institutions use student’s future to satisfy their own profits and it will hurt economy and education markets in our society. Unpaid internship realistically is not designed for common students who have loans and debts. In NYC, a city that offers many unpaid internships but also one of high inflation cities in America, many unpaid interns are suffering because of this unrealistic opportunity. However, there are some students who are really suitable for unpaid internships. Their common factor is rich. For example, to do unpaid internship at the White House, a student is required to get financial support from the home front. Living in Washington, one of expensive cites in America, is not easy for common students; if they are not living in Washington, the costs are increased because they need to pay for a rent, transportation, and food, etc. However, the rich students don’t even consider this inquires. This gap between these students are called â€Å"blatant class discrimination†.(Lind) In reality, college tuition has been increased with the percentage of student’s loans. Moreover, to get a fine job, students unavoidably

Critical Analysis of the Authenticity of Adventure Racers Identities Research Paper

Critical Analysis of the Authenticity of Adventure Racers Identities - Research Paper Example An examination of what it is that makes the identity of adventure racers in the sport authentic reveals that the characters involved in the sport usually depict a characteristic of resistance. This sport is self-sufficient, multidiscipline, multiday, non-stop, and it also involves a mixed gender team. This sport being a multiday sport requires that the racers master several outdoor skills. The racers are also required to develop skills on how to manage risks such as illness and injury. These are some of the factors that are seen to make the identity of adventure racers authentic in the sport. The racers are also required to get accustomed to harsh conditions such as the deprivation of sleep, extreme weather conditions, harsh terrains and weight loss (Brown and Eisenhardt, 1998). The distinctive Habitus theory and adventure racing This paper will use the distinctive Habitus theory to critically examine what makes adventure racers authentic in the sport. The Habitus theory will examine the embodied culture and link it with some of the new corporate cultures, and examine how they influence the authenticity of adventure racers identities. The analysis will be based on the concept of Pierre Bourdieu, which tends to be pivotal in the practice of authentic racing. According to this theory, adventure racing incorporates some schemes of disposition and these are some of the factors that make the identity of adventure racers authenti

New Born Screening Act Essay Example for Free

New Born Screening Act Essay

My Personal And Professional Development Education Essay

My Personal And Professional Development Education Essay In this essay I will critically evaluate my personal and professional development with relation to QTS standards for classroom management. Using current theories and research I will identify problems and put forward possible solutions to improve my future practice. This will be achieved through reflective practice, in which I will keep a journal of my progression and identify key areas for development. Using this record of my developing class management, I will critically evaluate my own progression. If acting is the art of stopping people coughing, teaching is the art of stopping them throwing things around (McManus 1995) During my first placement in school, I was able to experiment with a variety of teaching techniques for all aspects of teaching. Due to the type of school I was placed at, the key factor I had to address was classroom management. The school had extensive problems with pupil behaviour, therefore before any meaningful learning could take place classroom management had to be dealt with. By the end of the placement my tutor gave me some extremely positive comments about my progress in this area and advised that I must continue to focus on classroom management to achieve outstanding lesson observations in the future. She explained that once I no longer had to think about discipline in the classroom and it became more natural, I would then be able to spend more time on other aspects of teaching. The importance of behaviour management to all aspiring teachers has been highlighted by many theorists over the years, effective classroom management is essential to effective teaching (Capel et al , 2005). With this focus in mind I began my second placement with a strong motivation to develop my management techniques using all the resources available. This was an ideal area of development for me to use in my learning journal, where I could record my problems, try out new techniques and critically evaluate my progression. This would then provide me with a wealth of strong evidence to prove I had met the appropriate standards required to achieve Qualified Teaching Status (QTS). These standards, set by the government, cover the range of skills a teacher must have in order to teach satisfactory lessons. Several of these cover classroom management and through this assignment I will be able to asses how successfully I have achieved these standards. Before I can begin to evaluate my practice I first need to set a clear definition of classroom management and what it will encompass. A clear and straightforward definition is given by Wragg (1993) Class management is what teachers do to ensure that children engage in the task in hand, whatever that may be'. Although simplistic this is essentially what all teachers must address every lesson. Before any meaningful teaching can take place, students behaviour in the classroom must be acceptable for all pupils to be able to learn. However, this essential concept then opens up a wide variety of variables which affect a students behaviour in lessons. It is these aspects of behaviour management which I will focus on in my reflective practice. When studying classroom behaviour teachers of often talk about poor or bad behaviour shown by pupils but this can vary depending on the teachers point of view. Bad behaviour is therefore defined by the level of disruption caused to a childs learning. Lawrence (1984) is quoted, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦disruption amounted to anything which prevented the teacher from achieving worthwhile results with the pupils. Describing disruptive behaviour as, a general refusal to be taught, doing no work or refusal to obey'. Knowing what is bad behaviour then allows the teachers establish techniques to anticipate and reduce its occurrence. All student teachers hoping to develop their class management must accept the responsibility they have for all pupils behaviour. Many teachers are understandably reluctant to acknowledge that the reason for pupils misbehaviour may be found as often in their teaching as in the pupils inability or failure to learn (Charlton David, 1989). Therefore teachers must understand that it is not solely the child or their background that is to blame for misbehaving. The teachers actions and decisions are possibly the most important factor effecting a pupils behaviour in their class. Having this in mind, a trainee teacher should take a greater responsibility of their management techniques and focus on improvements. Effective classroom management is based on these basic principles; expressing authority, conveying enthusiasm, proactivity and preparation. (Bryson 1998). These four principles are the basic structure for establishing classroom management on which teachers can build their practice. However, developing these skills, especially as a student teacher, are notoriously complicated as they are often hard to practice. List of qualities for those working with troublesome children: teachers must be stable, compassionate, sensitive, intelligent, resilient, mature and physically fit. (Houghughi 1978) Behaviour management relies heavily on a teachers personality, mannerisms, acting ability and particulary confidence. Teaching skills are difficult to get a purchase on because they are dynamic rather then mechanistic in character (Eisner 1982). Yet there are many theorists who have developed techniques which can enhance and improve these skills. I will put into practice many of these theories durin g my placement and evaluate them in my reflective log. I will record the success or failure of these strategies and suggest ways in which they have enabled me to meet any QTS standards. In order to achieve this I must first establish an effective way to record and evaluate my classroom management using a reflective practice model. Although we all learn from experience, more and more experience does not guarantee more and more learning. We should not rely solely on our natural process of reflecting on experience, but actively seek ways to ensure that reflection itself become a habit. (Beaty 1997). Thus, to ensure progression is optimal a structured and focused method of reflection must be carried out by learners. During my time in placement B I will keep a journal describing my progress in improving classroom management during half a term. This will focus on one single year 8 class, who I have observed as having many behavioural issues. By recording the problems I faced and the successful and unsuccessful management techniques I used, I will have a detailed account of my teaching development. I will use this journal as a key source when relating classroom management theories to real life practice. This reflective procedure is essential for trainee teachers and is the key focus of this assignment. Dewey (1933) is acknowledged as a major instigator in the twentieth century of the concept of reflection, drawing on the ideas of many classical theologians such as Plato, Aristotle, Confucius and Buddha (Houston, 1988). Since then several models of reflection have been presented in the last thirty years. Gibbs (1988), John (2000), Atkins Murphy (1994) and Kolb (1984) have all produced differing models which offer different methods of reflection. David Kolb (1984) believed that learning occurs in a cycle in which learners engage in and then observe and reflect on experiences. The learner can then integrate reflections into their own theory, allowing them to estimate how to react in the future. This basic outline is a good structure on which to base my journal but a more detailed and specific model for reflection would be of greater use. Gibbss (1988) reflective cycle developed Kolbs theories but adapted them into a more user-friendly model (appendix 1). Gibbs model suggests the learner describes what happens, explains their feelings at the time and then evaluates the positives and negatives of the experience. From this information the practitioner can then analyse the situation and make conclusions about what needs to be changed and what should remain. This allows the learner to set action plans to suggest what could be done in a similar situation in the future. This is a very accessible method for reflection which offers the learners opportunity to reflect on the key aspects of their learning and then use this information to set realistic targets. Christopher Johns (2000) is more critical of Gibbss cycle quoting This might be useful for the novice reflective practitioner but remember, within a reflective perspective such structures are merely devices to help you reflect rather then impose a prescription of what ref lection is. Although I agree with Johns argument I believe I am still a novice reflective practitioner and so feel comfortable adopting Gibbs model. Johns (1994) model for structured reflection (MSR) can be used as a guide for analysis or reflection on an experience and would be useful for more complex decision making and analysis. MSR supports the need for the learner to work with a supervisor throughout their learning experience. He refers to this as guided reflection, and recommends that students use a structured diary. Platzer et al (1997) identify this as a strength of the model, as it is one of the few models of reflection that refers to the development of supervisor based reflections. Rolfe et al (2001) criticises the MSR, as it only responds to a situation, which has been resolved. It does not give enough flexibility for the practitioner to evolve their practice as the situation changes. However I will incorporate the need for a learner to work with a supervisor, such as my subject tutor, into my own reflective practice as it gives me an experienced perspective on my development (see LDJ). I will predominantly use Gibbss reflective cycle when evaluating my progression in classroom management but also incorporate Christopher Johns theory of supervisor supported reflection. I will organise it following Hollys (1989) Log Diary Journal (LDJ) pro forma to structure each entry of my reflections. This will allow me to clearly state my lesson information, objectives, activities and dates in one column labelled Log. The second column, headed Diary, will contain a description of what occurred, my feelings on what had happened and evaluations of this experience, i.e. one half of Gibbs cycle. The final column, labelled Journal, will contain the second half of the cycle, analysing situations, drawing conclusions and setting targets. This section will also contain the comments and suggestions made by my subject tutor and supervisor. This model of reflection should then give me a sufficient amount of information to make significant progress in the classroom. On arrival at Placement B I was given a timetable of the classes I would be teaching, giving me the opportunity to observe each class with their regular teacher over several weeks. Knowing the areas of development I needed to focus on during this placement I was aware that behaviour was going to be a key target. One group I was required to teach were a bottom set year 8 class. From the first lesson I observed with this group it was abundantly clear that the classroom management needed to be addressed. The class contained 18 pupils all with varying Special Educational Needs (SEN). These ranged from severe physical and mental disabilities to strong social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. This large array of barriers to learning meant the teacher had to differentiate each lesson in a very wide ranging way. Attainment levels were set comparatively high compared to children with similar learning difficulties and the class had not met their target grades as a group since joining th e school. However after talking to the head of science the reason for the weak performance seemed to be caused by the poor behaviour shown in the classroom. During three weeks of observing the group classroom behaviour was the worst I have ever seen (LDJ log 1). The majority of students left their seats and often ran around the class arguing or fighting with other pupils. Equipment was continually thrown around the room and work torn up or dropped on the floor and ignored. Many pupils refused to even take their coats off in the classroom. Around 4 or 5 students were behaving very well and concentrated on the work set by the teacher. However the rest were at this point so accustomed to spending each science lesson misbehaving that they did not seam to know that this was not how to behave in a lab. The reason for this poor behaviour was not simply caused by the pupils SEN and disabilities. Since beginning school a year and a half earlier the class have not had the same science teacher for more than a few months. The science department has had a lot of staff absences and so this class has had a lot of supply cover as their main teacher has been absent for 8 months. This lack of consistency has meant pupils have not yet learnt how to behave appropriately in a science lesson. This class therefore gave me the perfect opportunity to log my progression of classroom management in Placement B, with the hope of helping this class to begin some actual science learning. With this in mind I prepared for my first lesson with this group. Classroom management starts well before the students reach the classroom itself, involving careful preparation of both teaching and the room, alongside detailed planning. Dymoke Harrison (2008). After several weeks of observations I felt I was well prepared for my first lesson with 8E4. Yet after the first hours lesson I realised how unprepared I had been (Log 1). Although I had collected all the available data on each pupil and had observed the class with different supply teachers the behaviour was still far below what I had expected. One factor which I believe caused this was the time it took students to set up at the start of the session. Rutter et al (1979) reported that where teachers were waiting for classes and able to supervise their entry there was less school disorder. At the beginning of the first lesson I had trouble with the ICT equipment and so was unable to greet the students as they entered the room. I asked students to line up at the back of the room then sat studen ts in a random order. This did not set the tone of the lesson well as it took far too long to organise and students were bored and easily distracted. The start of a lesson is vital in establishing the pace for the rest of the session but also informs students on what they should expect from the new teacher. Wragg (1984) showed that experienced teachers, when compared with students, were more likely to greet the pupils, occupy a central position in the room, wait for silence before speaking, issue directions authoritatively and use eye contact. Therefore I must always ensure that I have prepared for the start of each lesson and I set the tone I want for the following sessions in terms of behaviour. Marland (1975) points out that a straightforward start to lessons, with something that occupies pupils at their desk, allows the teacher to cope with interruptions and late-comers. I will try wherever possible to prepare fully for lessons and anticipate any behavioural problems in my plann ing to stop any issues arising. We believe that the most effective way to manage behaviour problems is to prevent, or at lease minimise, their occurrence. Successful teachers were noted to be far more adept at preventing them. (Charlton David, 1989) The first activity I had planned with this class was to create a set of simple classroom rules which students will design and follow (LP1).This was based on the work of McManus (1995) One way of proceeding with classes that are already out offhand is to draw up jointly a short list of rules and make up some sort of bargain with the class. Suggesting, It is more effective to express the rules positively, so pupils know what they have to do rather then not do. I had seen this done before and felt is was suitable for this already disruptive class. However when I asked the class to suggest their own classroom rules they gave knowingly silly or inappropriate suggestions. I had anticipated this happening and so had my own pre prepared rules. However when evaluating my lesson I now realise I should not have given in as quickly as I did in providing the class with some rules. If I had pushed students to state their own rules they would have produced a much more powerful management tool. Givi ng the students ownership of rule setting allows the teacher to transfer extra responsibility on those breaking the rules as they had agreed on how they should behave in the class. I will therefore ensure pupils always decide their own classroom regulations, giving myself more ways to manage behaviour. Since the rules were set I have continually been reinforcing them at the beginning of each lesson. Bull and Solity (1987) note the importance of stressing to the class the natural consequences of keeping the rules, making it easier to withdraw the artificial system. This has been an area that my subject tutor suggested I need to improve (Log 1). Now that the classroom rules are known, when they are not followed by students I must show the consequences of pupils misbehaving. I had set out to use the whole school system of 2 warning then a room removal. However in the first few lessons I continued to give out warnings even when students should have been removed to a different class. In future I must be consistent with the schools discipline procedures and show to students I will follow through with my threats. After the unsuccessful first lesson I had decided to set up a reward system for those in the class who do behave well in lessons. This would then act as an incentive for the rest of the group to change their own behaviour for the chance to earn a reward (Log 2). Bull Solity (1987) suggest Token rewards such as points are also useful as immediate rewards because they can be given for different behaviours and are relatively easy to administer at the time they are earned. The raffle ticket system I set up did work very well. Though not successful enough to improve every childs behaviour instantly, a large section of the class were visibly motivated by the reward. I was able to use the incentive of gaining a prize to ensure students sat at their desks and attempted the work set. Over the following lessons I continued the raffle system and it became an increasingly powerful tool for classroom management, especially when students saw others who had behaved well collecting their prizes (Lo g 6). This raffle ticket system has also worked well with slightly older classes I have taught and I will continue to use it in the future. This is a very useful technique for effective behaviour management. In Log 3 I noted that By teaching a more interesting and exciting topic I believe pupils are more likely to be engaged in the lesson and behaviour will improve. My tutor had suggested in the previous lesson that the activities and success criteria set were not suitable for all the students in the class and that this could have been a reason for the poor behaviour. Gannaway (1984) found that pupils were less likely to co-operate in lessons, especially ones judged boring, if there was too much writing. With this in mind I planned lessons that I hoped would be more engaging to the students and therefore reduce behavioural issues. I spoke to the Head of Science in school who gave me permission to try a different subject topic with 8E4, as the planned scheme of work was very abstract and difficult to understand for students of this ability. Log 4 showed that students were interested as soon as they entered the room and did not want to be removed from the lesson. The lesson was maintained in short chunks to keep the pace up and reduce the amount of disruption. By choosing a subject (CSI) that was more exciting and accessible students behaviour did improve. Although this worked well for this class I will not have the luxury of picking my own scheme of work with other groups I teach. I therefore need to find ways of making the more boring and disengaging science topics more interesting for students. Studies have shown that pupils behave better and complete more work in rows. Further, pupils seated in the front and centre of the room are said to be more attentive. (McManus 1995) Log 3 highlighted the need for a more structured seating plan. Rather then using the random collection from the first lesson I sat down and drew up a more considered plan. I put students into groups of 3 or 4 of mixed ability and equal gender. Based on the advice from my tutor this would mean those who struggle academically would be supported by the brighter pupils. Rewards would be awarded to groups, meaning the pupils had to work together and learn how to co-operate. This was a major issue in the class as many of the pupils are violent and hostile towards each other (Log 1,2,3). The new seating arrangements worked a lot better then the previous plan. I had intentionally placed the 3 most disruptive pupils at the front and centre of the room where I could constantly watch their actions. I maintained thes e groups over the next lessons and most groups eventually started to work together cohesively. Even though they still do not work together harmoniously, when compared to the first two lessons the behaviour has vastly improved. After slowly building on the small steps of successful previous lessons Log 5 showed how it can all fall apart again. I attempted a practical experiment with the group which did not go as planned. As soon as the practical began, students began messing around and acting in an unsafe manner. 3 pupils had to be removed and I also ended the practical early for safety reasons. (Log 5) This experience highlighted to me that I need to develop a better awareness of what is occurring in my classrooms. Marland (1975) coined the term lighthouse effect in which successful teachers frequently scan the class and regularly make remarks to show they are missing nothing. I do this too infrequently in my lessons and it is an area that needs to be strengthened as I progress. After the lesson 5 disaster (Log 5) I planned a far more regimented practical for lesson 6 (LP6) based on classroom management theory. Partington and Hinchcliffe (1979) noted that effective classroom managers prepared effectively and extensively; as well as the content they planned for organisational matters such as movement, time and the task of particular jobs. With this in mind I structured the practical activity of lesson 6 extremely tightly. We completed the practical together as a group, doing one little step at a time. This meant all students knew exactly what to do and did not get confused or left behind. We did not move on to the next step until all students were ready. All behavioural issues could be dealt with much easier as students were keen to be involved and work at the same pace as the rest of the group. I was surprised at how well this structured approach worked and it will be the template for all future practicals. At the end of my first half term at Placement B I had a detailed review meeting with my subject tutor. I asked about my progress in terms of classroom management and the areas I need to improve. The main target he suggested was to look at my own body language and research some theories on this subject. Kohl (1986) gave a very fitting description of his teacher training. In one short week I went from informal Herb, with an open collar and sweater, to Mr Kohl with a suit and tie, a very controlled manner and an unnatural, stern look. My students had taught me that I had to establish my authority before I could teach them anything. I need to follow Kohls lead and adapt my presence and demeanour in the classroom. Rather then appearing fragile or weak I need to portray my authority over the students. This can be achieved not only through my voice or my threats but in my gestures, stance and position in the classroom. Goffman (1968) observed that impressions given off, as distinct from tho se deliberately given, are normally taken as a more accurate guide to a persons inner state. I must constantly be aware of the signals I am portraying to the class and try to ensure they are the signs I want to give to the room. Having experimented with several different classroom management techniques I have highlighted those which have improved my own practice and those which have not. Throughout these evaluations I have often felt that many strategies which I have observed or attempted often have the opposite effect. Teachers control strategies can sometimes exacerbate rather than alleviate situations (Cooper 1993). I do not necessarily believe that just because a class is well behaved or quiet that their learning is improved. Docking (1992) builds on this feeling, arguing The word control has mechanistic connotations, implying that teachers order their charges around without respecting their personhood. There is little room for discourse, listening to and trying to understand the voice of the pupil. The best way for pupils to learn is most often when they are arguing or discussing a subject. To an observer this may appear to be bad behaviour and poor classroom management. Yet it is only when students are allowed to apply their knowledge in discussions with others that effective learning can really take place. I therefore need to focus my attention not on ensuing a classroom is silent and all pupils follow my commands but that students are making as much progression as possible. Word Count 4, 323

An Inspector Calls Essay -- essays research papers

An Inspector Calls Although the play an â€Å"Inspector Calls† by J.B. Priestley, takes the form of a â€Å"Whodunit†, it gradually becomes clear that there is an underlying serious issue. The play examines social responsibility, with the Birling family and Gerald Croft being questioned about the suicide of Eva Smith. When the inspector arrives at the Birling estate uninvited he suspects the family of being some way involved in the events leading up to the death of Eva Smith. The Inspector describes Eva Smith as †A young woman†¦. A bit out of the ordinary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As the story unfolded my feelings of sympathy for Eva grew stronger and stronger. This is surprising as she does not appear in the play and is in fact dead before the play begins. The Inspector starts his inquiry by questioning Mr. Birling who is the owner of a large company, which employs several hundred young girls. Mr. Birling describes Eva who was one of his employees as â€Å"a lively good-looking girl-country bred† he continues to say that she had been working for the company for over a year and that she was an excellent worker. Mr. Birling describes Eva and some of her work colleagues as being â€Å"rather restless† after the summer vacation; this resulted in them demanding a pay rise of an increase from twenty-two and six to twenty five shillings a week. Mr. Birling dismissed this completely, which resulted in the workers going on strike. Mr. Birling took action and sacked the ringleaders, Eva Smith being one of them. At this point I did not feel any sympathy for Eva as I felt she had brought these problems on herself. Mr. Birling was right to take the action, which he did. This was the start of a down ward spiral for Eva Smith. Eva’s fortunes changed, however, as in a couple of months she found herself a new job at the large department store, Milwards. Eva was delighted with her new job which made her the happiest she had been in a long time. â€Å"She was among pretty clothes.† The Inspectors line of inquiry turned to Mr. Birling’s daughter, Sheila. He wanted to try and establish her involvement in the death of Eva Smith. Sheila used Milwards store regularly. Sheila was out shopping for the perfect dress. After many fruitless visits to other stores Sheila finally decided to try Milwards. She demanded to try a particular dress on, against her mother’s advice. After trying it on she realized to her horror that ... ...ney he had already given her was stolen and she did not want any more of his money. Mrs. Birling said this was terrible and a public example should be made of him. At this point Eric Birling walked in the door he looked around and said, â€Å"You know, don’t you?† Eric then continues to explain that one night in the Palace bar he got talking to Eva, he then walked her home to her lodgings and after a fuss he went in with her. After two weeks they met up again. It was not planned but again they went home to her house. At their next meeting she told him she was pregnant. He supported her with money, which totalled about 50 pounds. When asked where he got this money, he explained that he had stolen it from his father’s office.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through out the play my feelings for Eva grew and by the end I really felt for her. The Birling family had contributed to Eva losing her two jobs, she had two failed relationships when put like this you begin to see why she needed help and when this was refused you can begin to see why she wanted to end her life. I feel that the whole family contributed to her death, which makes me, feel great sympathy for Eva.

Brief Summary of Daniel Willingham †Why Don’t Student Like School Essay

The answer to the question ‘why don’t students like school’ was explained very clearly on the first chapter. It was made clear that our brains are slow and unrealiable. Our brains tend to avoid thinking, which makes it unlikely for us to like thinking. But apparently our brains release some amount of dopamine when there are cases of ‘successful thinking’. So the trick is to give students problems that are challenging but also solvable. There are 3 types of memory stated in the book; the ‘environment’ memory, working memory and also long-term memory. For us to remember things better, we can trick our working memory with techniques such as ‘chunking’ since things can only get to the long-term memory through working memory. Emotion and interest also play a part in the remembering process. Things that grab our interest would trigger our mind to think, and memory is believed as the residue of thought while emotional events will be better remembered–unrelated to repetition–such as weddings, 9/11 tragedy or birthday parties. Sometimes we go on ‘auto-pilot’ on stuff that we regularly do, this is caused by repetition or practice, it can help us focus on other important things while still doing our regular activities such as chewing food, driving, reading and etc. The working memory has a very limited capacity, our brain can’t take too much information, if we do, it could lose track of what we’re doing and thinking fails. As an example, that’s what actually happened to me when I was reading the book, the first chapters really crowded my brain and it was actually hurting. Putting the material in a story form can also help students remember because stories are easy to comprehend, interesting and somehow easy to remember. Background knowledge is crucial during learning process as it helps new information to stay in our memory as it was stated that ‘Understanding new ideas is mostly a matter of getting the right old ideas into working memory and then rearranging them–making comparisons we hadn’t made before’ (Willingham, 2009). As I get to the 4th chapter, reading the book was much more easier to understand as I already have the background knowledge. The author explained how important it is to practi ce or drilling. The bad image of how practice is tiring and hard has made students often avoid practicing. However, it is not necessary to learn for a few hours in a row, in fact, doing so with ‘space’ will make  learning more effective, I believe this method wouldn’t feel so tiring and hard. In the 6th chapter, Willingham explained how experts have extensive organized experience, which makes them think in deep structure. Experts work on their subject for several hours a day, to get students to think like experts, learning should be done for several hours. There is a perception that experts would solve puzzles faster, however experts often take more time to think as they dig into more depth than novices. I personally agree with all the content in the book. I think the book basically covered all the aspects that could help students learn cognitive subjects efficiently. Proving Willingham’s theory on background knowledge and remembering, I read the book while relating to y our teachings and found that the content of the book was much easier to understand since some of them were also taught in your lessons. I guess you’re the living proof that the book is effective. I can see clearly how the writer actually performs his theory on chapter on through the book such as how he chose a question instead of a statement for the book’s title to grab attention. Often repetitions of definitions come up in different chapters of the book, which I believe is to help readers remember things. Some theories that are in the book are actually from our daily life that I haven’t noticed before. Stories have been used to help me learn, unconsciously, by teachers before but I did not really acknowledge how using stories for effective learning is actually a thing. The same with the emotional and interest theory on forgetting. What I did not expect was how we actually get satisfaction from learning, my perception towards learning has always been about something that is tiring and that it is important but wouldn’t give you any pleasure. Although I would add some things that might have been left behind by Willingham from his point of view. I would deli berate over a few things from a student’s perspective. It’s the ‘whom’ that I think he might’ve left out. Teachers aren’t all the same and each has their different styles of teaching. One teacher might have been basing his teaching on your book but the other doesn’t. I think this might affect how the students study at home. The materials–such as books or presentation slides–might just be insufficient or students might have got used to the ‘Willingham style’, students might not be able to keep up with the other subjects. If Willingham would add another chapter on changing student’s learning style permanently or something. That would be perfect. He  actually did mention how to treat the students in chapter 8 but I don’t think showing that the teacher has confidence in the student would change how the student thinks permanently. Another thing is just a method that I often use in memorizing process. I try to ‘act’ the theory in order for me to remember the matter. This is just an additional method that I think could have a space in the book. After reading the book, I realized that having read the book had somehow changed my perspective about some few things such as practice can be done in a more effective–less tiring–way, how to grab atte ntion–in case I have to teach–and few other things. Well, I guess that is all. I really think this is an outstanding book by how I actually enjoyed reading it. I really hope that teachers would use this book as their basis. But afterall a student’s performance does not only depend on the teachers but also the student. I think the book itself is applicable for students with some change of perspective and behavior.

Mgt Group Case Study Report

Case Study Report Dunkin Donuts : Betting Dollars on Donuts ————————————————- Submitted By ————————————————- Group Members: ————————————————- Acknowledgement Firstly, we thank almighty Allah for successful completion of the project. We are really grateful to course instructor Professor Abdur Rab, Faculty of BBA Program, North South University for all kinds of informative information and valuable advice. We are also very grateful to the group members who helped in preparing this project.Executive Summary Dunkin' Donuts is a business in food retail. They are the world's largest coffee and baked goods chain. Dunkin’ Donuts have been in business since 1950 and have been franchising since 1955. This franchise serves more than 2 million customers a day. Dunkin' Donuts sells  52 varieties of donuts and more than a dozen coffee beverages as well as bagels, breakfast sandwiches and other baked goods. It is important to look at consumer usage and future trends before entering into the market. Dunkin Donuts is part of the snack shop market.The snack shop market had almost 10 billion is sales worldwide in 2003 alone. Snack shops have an advantage because they are popular among all consumer groups. Dunkin’ Donuts has retained a consistent database of customers, while also gaining additional consumers through the progression of time and emergence of newer markets. The report discusses task environment that Dunkin’ Donut operates in. It describes the competitive environment and its customer base. The company follows different competition strategies and has goals to achieve through them.We also discuss the external environme nt of the company which includes the socio-cultural environment and the global environment. The environmental effects of Dunkin’ Donuts is also discussed. We describe the degree of change and complexity and the effects of competitive rivalry. Lastly, we analyze the Porter’s Five Forces in terms of the industry Dunkin’ Donuts operates in. Table of Contents ————————————————- Contents Page Number ) History 6 2) Dunkin’ Donuts, At-A-Glance 6 3) Mission Statement 7 4) Product 7 5) Coffee Leadership 8 6) Strategic Growth 9 7) Culinary Excellence 10 8) Dunkin’ Donut (DD) SMART 11 9) Task Environment 13 10) Consumers 14 11) General Environment 14 12) Environmental Effects 15 13) Competitive Rivalry 16 HistoryDunkin’ Donuts was begun in 1050 by William Rosenberg with a single shop in Quincy, Massachusetts. In 1946, he founded Industr ial Luncheon Services, a company that delivered meals and snacks to workers in the Boston area. The success of Industrial Lucheon Services convinced Rosenberg to start the Open Kettle, a doughnut shop in Quincy, Massachusetts. Two years later Open Kettle changed its name to Dunkin’ Donuts. He began franchising additional outlets in 1955, and by 1979 there were a thousand Dunkin; Donuts outlets in the Northeast. Through a series of transactions in the 1980s and 1990s, Dunkin’ Donuts became the quick service restaurant operation of the British firm, Allied Domecq PLC.In 2002, as Allied Domecq looked for growth opportunities, it’s Dunkin; Donuts (DD) business was described as a â€Å"sleeping giant† as much for its fiercely loyal clientele as its $2. 8 billion in sales and more than 3,800 U. S outlets. Dunkin’ Donuts, At-A-Glance ? Dunkin‘ Donuts is owned by Dunkin' Brands Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: DNKN), one of the world's leading franchisors of qui ck service restaurants. Dunkin‘ Brands is the parent company of both Dunkin‘ Donuts and Baskin-Robbins. ? Dunkin' Brands Group, Inc. is headquartered in Canton, Massachusetts. ? At the end of 2011, Dunkin‘ Brands Group, Inc. had franchisee-reported sales of approximately $8. billion. ? Dunkin‘ Brands, the parent company of Dunkin‘ Donuts and Baskin-Robbins is one of the largest QSR (Quick Service Restaurant) companies in the world with nearly 7,000 retail shops in nearly 60 countries worldwide. ? Dunkin‘ Brands Group, Inc. has a nearly 100 percent franchised model. ? There are more than 10,000 Dunkin’ Donuts restaurants in 32 countries. Mission Statement â€Å"Dunkin’ Donuts will strive to be the dominant retailer of high quality donuts, bakery products and beverages in each metropolitan market in which we choose to compete. † Products Dunkin Donut serves the following items : 1) Donuts 2) Fritters 3) Crullers 4) Biscuits ) Mu nchkins 6) Bagels 7) Muffins 8) Danish pastry 9) Cookies 10) Brownies 11) Bagel Twists 12) Breakfast sandwiches 13) Hash browns 14) Oven toasted items 15) Coffee beverages 16) Bulk Coffee 17) Espresso, Cappuccino, and Lattes 18) Iced Coffee 19) Iced Lattes 20) Latte Lite Espresso 21) Turbo Coffee Leadership Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ coffee heritage goes back more than 60 years – something no other leading restaurant brand can match. ? Dunkin‘ Donuts sells more than 1. 5 billion cups of hot and iced coffee globally every year. ? According to the NPD Group / CREST, Dunkin‘ Donuts serves the hottest traditional and iced coffee in America. In the highly competitive U. S. coffee market, Dunkin‘ Donuts is distinguished for brewing a superior guest experience. For six years running, Dunkin' Donuts has been recognized by the Brand Keys Customer Loyalty Engagement Index as number one in customer loyalty in the coffee category. ? Dunkin‘ Donuts coffee is fresh ly ground, freshly brewed and freshly served. If not used within 18 minutes, Dunkin‘ Donuts coffee is discarded and a new carafe is freshly brewed. ? Like creating a fine wine, there are countless step involved in producing coffee, and Dunkin‘ Donuts coffee experts travel around the globe to ensure consistent quality at each turn.Dunkin' Donuts uses 100 percent Arabica coffee beans and has its own coffee specifications, which are recognized by the industry as a superior grade of coffee. Based on Dunkin' Donuts Quality (DDQ) specifications, coffee is milled and processed specifically for the company. ? Dunkin‘ Donuts Dunkin‘ Donuts is the #1 retailer of freshly-brewed iced coffee. Each Dunkin‘ Donuts restaurant double brews the coffee before pouring it into cooling units to make sure its iced coffee is always full of flavor and never watered down. ? Dunkin' Donuts' lattes and cappuccinos are authentic – made with only Fair Trade Certifiedâ„ ¢ c offee beans blended for espresso and fresh milk – and available in regular or decaffeinated, hot or iced. The beans are ground and the milk is steamed for each individual serving.Dunkin' Donuts was the first national brand to sell espresso beverages that are made exclusively with Fair Trade Certified coffee. ? Dunkin‘ Donuts now offers Dunkin‘ Donuts K-Cup portion packs, making ? America‘s Favorite Coffee? available for use with the Keurig Single-Cup Brewing system. Sold exclusively at participating Dunkin‘ Donuts restaurants in the United States, Dunkin‘ K-Cup portion packs are offered in five popular flavors, including Original Blend, Dunkin‘ Decaf, French Vanilla, Hazelnut and Dunkin‘ Dark Roast. ? Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ coffee excellence team features two of the world‘s foremost experts on coffee, Jim Cleaves and Ellen Rogers.Both are dedicated to finding the world‘s best coffee and brewing the perfect cup. Jim is a licensed Q Grader, having passed the world‘s most rigorous coffee evaluations skills testing program, while Ellen is an International Coffee Expert in coffee tasting and analysis and a Coffee Quality Institute Board Trustee. They each travel regularly throughout the world, tasting as many as 600 cups of coffee each day in order to choose the highest quality coffee beans for Dunkin‘ Donuts. Strategic Growth From the beginnings as a single restaurant in Quincy, Massachusetts, Dunkin‘ Donuts is now a global brand with more than 10,000 locations in 32 countries.The growth is testimony to the fact that people everywhere appreciate what Dunkin‘ Donuts offers: high quality food and beverages served all day in a friendly, fast environment at a great value. In the United States, Dunkin‘ Donuts has maintained steady, strategic and disciplined growth, opening new restaurants in our core markets in the Northeast and in cities all throughout MidAtlantic, Southern and Midwestern states. We now have more than 7,000 restaurants in 36 states and the District of Columbia. From Boston to Buffalo, New York to New Orleans, Philadelphia to Florida, Chicago to Charlotte, Dunkin‘ Donuts is an important part of daily life for millions of Americans.And while Dunkin‘ Donuts has nationwide brand recognition, we believe we have significant opportunity to expand our number of restaurants in the United States as well as around the world. We believe we can double our footprint in the U. S. to 15,000 Dunkin‘ Donuts restaurants over the next 20 years. And it‘s not just America running on Dunkin‘ – Dunkin‘ Donuts has a strong presence internationally, with more than 3,000 Dunkin' Donuts locations in 31 international countries across four continents. The company maintains steady global expansion, opening new restaurants in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin and South America. Asia-Pacific is a particularly exciting area for growth.Dunkin‘ Donuts has already opened more than 88 locations in Greater China since launching there in 2007, and has nearly 900 shops in South Korea. In 2010, the brand re-entered Russia with new restaurants in Moscow, and in 2011 we announced plans to open 500 Dunkin‘ Donuts restaurants in India. In 2012, the first Dunkin‘ Donuts restaurants were opened in India and Guatemala. Culinary Excellence Dunkin‘ Donuts is committed to providing guests with the best-tasting, high-quality food and beverages. To meet that commitment, we assembled a culinary dream team of acclaimed chefs to create new and innovative menu choices to meet the evolving needs of Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ busy, on-the-go customers, raising expectations about what is possible in a quick service meal.As people find themselves busier than ever, and are snacking more frequently throughout the day, Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ culinary team is meeting guests‘ changing eating h abits and expectations for fast, satisfying menu items that can be enjoyed any time of day. In addition to the brand‘s famous coffees, lattes, donuts, bagels and muffins, Dunkin‘ Donuts has delicious breakfast sandwiches — available all day — with several choices featuring breakfast favorites such as smoked cherry wood bacon, egg whites, freshly baked croissants and toasted English muffins. Dunkin‘ Donuts has also introduced new oven-toasted bakery sandwiches, in several varieties including Texas Toast Grilled Cheese, Chicken Salad and Tuna Salad. Dunkin‘ Donuts also continues to offer a full lineup of innovative snacks and beverages, including Bagel Twists, Coolatta slush drinks, hash browns, cookies and more.Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ culinary team also directed the introduction of the brand‘s DDSMART line of better-for-you menu items. DDSMART includes many delicious food and beverages with fewer than 300 calories, such as Egg White Fla tbread Sandwiches and Wake-up Wraps, coffee and espresso beverages, teas and a Coolatta with skim milk. Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ team of skilled culinarians is led by Executive Chef and Vice President of Product Innovation Stan Frankenthaler. Frankenthaler is a three-time James Beard Award nominee and author of The New York Times best-seller, The Occidental Tourist. Before joining Dunkin‘ Brands, he was owner and chef of Salamander restaurant in Boston, named by Zagat‘s as one of the city‘s â€Å"Top Ten Restaurants. Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ culinary team also includes Executive Pastry Chef Christopher Boos, who represented the United States in the Coupe du Monde de la Patisserie (the World Pastry Cup), and Sous Chef Phillip Kafka, former commis chef at Harrods in London. Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ team also features two of the world‘s foremost experts on coffee, Jim Cleaves and Ellen Rogers. Jim is a licensed Q Grader, having passed the world‘s most rigorous coffee evaluations skills testing program, while Ellen is an International Coffee Expert in coffee tasting and analysis and a Coffee Quality Institute Board Trustee. Together, they are responsible for developing and introducing new coffee beverages and blends. Dunkin’ Donut (DD) SMARTEating smart when on the go can be hard. But the DDSMART menu from Dunkin‘ Donuts makes it easy. The selection of ‘better-for-you’ foods and beverages ensures our restaurants offer great-tasting choices that fit your lifestyle and meet your dietary wants and needs. Food and beverages with the DDSMART Logo are reduced in calories, fat, saturated fat, sugar or sodium by at least 25% compared to a base product or other appropriate reference product, and/or contain ingredients that are nutritionally beneficial. Corporate Promise We're committed to offering a wide selection of foods and beverages so you can enjoy what's right for you. Nutritional Advisory BoardThe Dun kin’ Brands Nutrition Advisory Board, comprised of leading experts on nutrition, health and wellness, will assist Dunkin’ Brands’ management with research and perspective to aid in the development and reformulation of products that meet the evolving needs of customers while incorporating current nutritional science. DDSMART (0-5K) Making smart choices about what you eat is one way to stay on track. Another is keeping active. Run your first 5K or train for your next! Task Environment Competitors: Dunkin Donuts mainly competes with high end coffee providers like Starbucks. Starbucks is a major competitor of Dunkin’ Donuts which creates competition in the area of upscale coffee.However DD can still compete in the coffee industry with its simple drip coffees – regular and decaf. Also, having its focus on donuts and other baked goods it also competes with the likes of Krispy Kreme. Competition Strategy In order to remain competitive in the industry Dunk in’ Donuts follows a competition strategy. This is what we depicted: * Expanding Outlets- It is a goal of DD to be as outreaching as possible to its customers. Therefore it does so by expanding its number of outlets throughout America and beyond its borders as well. Dunkin’ Donuts has its densest cluster in the Northeastern region of the country and is now having a growing presence in the rest of the country.Moreover it is also creating a brand image in other countries though opening outlets there. Example countries are Canada, Brazil, Qatar, South Korea, Pakistan and the Philippines. As a part of its strategy the company plans to expand aggressively. It has a goal of expanding to 15000 outlets by the year 2020. This goal is further achievable as the company has a franchise system – this makes the acquisition of capital and operator smoother. It is noteworthy however that the company wants to limit its expansion to not being too omnipresent. It is also partnerin g with large supermarkets to achieve widespread market prominence. This is done to create a store-witihin a store concept.The supermarket has to be large enough to allow DD full expression of its brand. This is important for enhancing overall performance of the strategic allies. * Expanding Products- Dunkin’ Donuts also sees an opportunity of grabbing a new base of customers. The company recognizes the new generation and is trying to come up with products that appeal to their taste. As a result of such, the company has expanded its range of products to several types of hot and cold beverages, baked goods and confectionery items other than donuts and the new breakfast to go menu. Along with that, Dunkin Donut maintains its simple and straight-forward morning snacks. This gives it a competitive edge of distinction against its competitiors.This may enable Dunkin’ Donuts to persist in the competitive industry with newer dimensions. Consumers The type of customers Dunkin Do nuts has also affects its operation nature. Based on its competition strategy it has the following goals to achieve: * The main goal of expanding outlets – Dunkin’ Donuts wants to have greater outreach to its customer through the expansion of more outlets in various parts of the country. The company aims that in future its customers do not have to go far to pick up a box of doughnuts. Moreover, it wants to boost up its brand image to its customers and the best way to do it is to make the brand name more apparent in more regions. Goal of expanding products – Dunkin’ Donuts also tries to cater to the needs of the new generation and its taste appeals. It does so by creating the new range of products, namely the breakfast-to-go menu. General Environment International/Global environment – The brand Dunkin Donuts does not have the chain in America only, but also managed to curve out international niches. It is not only expected markets such as Canada and Brazil but also in some unexpected areas like Qatar, South Korea, Pakistan, Philippines. This has various implications for Dunkin Donuts. For instance: diversifying risk, entry into newer markets, larger customer base and so on.Socio-Culture – Due to the change in people living style, Dunkin tried to help people find their product in the reach of the customer. Dunkin Donuts also caters to the change in demographic characters through their new range of products. Therefore socio-cultural norms and consumer tastes affect it’s the products made by Dunkin’ donuts. Environmental Effects Degree of Change and Complexity: * Degree of Change-This is the extent to which the environment is relatively stable or dynamic. Dunkin’ Donuts has a relatively stable environment. It has a consistent base of consumers. It serves the masses with coffee-the most popular beverage globally. Moreover it has a limited product line. That is, it produces a relatively small number of p roducts.However, the company is likely to be in a dynamic environment as well. As a result of carrying out its plan of expansion, Dunkin’ Donut has undertaken the production of more food items and diversifying its area of production. This introduces dynamic changes to its operation style. Moreover, the company is also aggressively expanding its outlets-which mean that it is extending its capacity of production significantly. * Degree of Homogeneity-It the extent to which the environment is relatively simple or relatively complex. It considers the number of elements in the environment and segmentation. Dunkin’ Donuts operates in a relatively simple environment.It has a consistent base of competitors, and a consistent base of customers. It also has a stable network of suppliers. Hence the number of elements in its task environment is fairly constant and few. It could be argued otherwise that the company operates in a fairly complex environment. With its expansion into di fferent states in America, Dunkin’ Donuts has to operate with a larger base of operators. Other than that, entering international markets also mean that the company has to compete with foreign forces and face foreign governments. Overall, given the industry that Dunkin’ Donuts operates in it is likely to face a low level of uncertainty.This is because it operates in a stable and simple environment. On the contrary, given the probable impact of its expansion plan it faces a moderate level of uncertainty – if consumers do not indulge in the company’s newer items Dunkin’ Donuts is likely to have a ‘diluted brand image’. Risk in Expansion Strategy Franchising Dunkin Donut has devised many strategies to make more turnover out of the business running on a daily basis. One method to expand into diverse business environment is to franchise, something that is easy since Dunkin Donut is already a franchise system making access to operators and c apital easier. Franchising more means expanding to a more diverse business environment.This brings in the factor of complexity which increases its degree of homogeneity such as in terms of globalization. Globalization is one factor that has to be considered since it is a necessity to diversify the organization into the attainable business environment. Also executives tend to focus too much on franchising new stores. However money invested on establishing these new franchises could have been otherwise invested into their current stores. Moreover the older store, being set up on a particular geographical area will tend to have a broader experience handling the economic and socio-cultural environment of the area it has been set up on.So resources, time and energy input on the older stores renovating, expanding and restocking would make it a more formidable asset to Dunkin Donuts as opposed to establishing a whole new franchise itself which is essentially playing a key role in expansion . Wider range of food variety Expansion would also require that Dunkin Donuts change its food menu, a factor of Dynamic, implicating a degree of change. Dunkin Donuts has maintained its image of simplicity in the products it offers-drip coffee and donuts Unlike many other companies, Dunkin Donuts have stayed on its ground in maintaining their simplicity in the food it offers and on the process has earned customer loyalty of diverse groups.Thus a degree of change imposes a risk of diluted brand appeal since Dunkin Donuts will face a risk of losing its customer who values the authenticity and simplicity of Dunkin Donuts. There is also a probable occurrence of loss of respect among its original consumer groups, resulting in lower sales and turnover. In short, expansion leads to uncertainty, which in turn might lead to a diluted image of Dunkin Donuts Competitive Rivalry Due to the increase of competition, Dunkin Donuts is increasing their number of outlets in various locations. Moreove r, they are also increasing their item in the food menu in order attract all sorts of customer and to compete effectively with its competitors . THANK YOU